Much of what we do as Organisational Psychologists highlight the dynamics that might come into play as leaders navigate in a global economy. As social scientists, we are keenly aware of the powerful influence that culture can have on individual and group behaviour in a work setting. Since we are living and working in a global market and have stakeholders – employees, clients, vendors, suppliers, and shareholders – that might trend towards a more individualistic or collectivistic view, it is essential to look at both the similarities and differences.

I realise that many individuals may have traits of both depending on the situation and context, but for the purposes of this blog, I am going to “clump” what behaviours might be experienced into those two categories. Here are some things to pay attention to as you work with and on global teams:

Individualism is being able to take care of yourself; it is the belief and practice that every person is unique and self-reliant. For example, in an individualistic culture, a person would be expected to “pull themselves up by the bootstraps” when they encounter setbacks. The United States and most of the European countries are more individualistic in their ideals (see map below).

A few common characteristics of individualistic cultures include:

• Communication – More direct and transactional
• Social Rules – Individual rights take centre stage
• Citizenship – Dependence on others is frowned upon
• Teamwork – People place a greater emphasis on standing out and being unique
• Presence – Informality is most pervasive
• Personal Space – Privacy is important so individual workspace would be the norm
• Relationships – Voluntary and may come to an end if not beneficial
• Action Orientation – Making the deal
• Family and Community – Self-sufficiency and independence is most important
• Status – Equality is of the utmost importance
• Collectivism in cultural terms refers to a culture that privileges family and community over individuals. For example, children in collectivist societies are likely to take care of elderly parents if they fall ill and will change their own career plans in the event of a family emergency. Japan, Korea, and China are more collectivist in their mindset (see map below).

A few common traits of collectivistic cultures include:

• Communication – More indirect and rely heavily on body language
• Social Rules – Focus is on promoting selflessness
• Citizenship – Putting the societal needs ahead of individual needs
• Teamwork – Working as a group and supporting others is essential
• Personal Space – Public in nature so shared, open concept is acceptable
• Relationships – Much more stable and permanent
• Action Orientation – Very relationship focused
• Presence – Formality is the norm
• Family and Community – Have a central role in planning and decisions
• Status – Hierarchy is important to these individuals

As you can imagine, whether it is working with a virtual global team or interacting with suppliers halfway around the world, these subtle differences can make a big impact on working relationships and organisational culture. Being aware of your “unconscious bias” in relating towards others is key to continuing to develop as a leader. And, who knows? There may be times that you will want to get out of your comfort zone and experiment a bit… connecting with others who have a different mindset from you in a new way.

Let us know what experiences you have had in this area – we would love to hear from you!